Steering Torque Sensor

📖 YOUCANIC Automotive Glossary

The steering torque sensor measures the rotational force (torque) the driver applies to the steering wheel, providing the primary input for the electric power steering (EPS) system to calculate how much motor assist to provide. Located in the steering column or on the steering rack, the sensor typically uses a torsion bar that twists slightly under steering effort — the degree of twist is measured by Hall-effect or magnetoresistive sensors to determine the direction and magnitude of driver input. The EPS control module uses torque sensor data combined with vehicle speed to provide appropriate assist: heavy assist at low speeds for easy parking, lighter assist at highway speeds for stability and road feel.

Steering torque sensor failures cause the EPS warning light, loss of power steering assist (very heavy steering), erratic assist (alternating heavy and light), or the assist not reducing at highway speeds. DTCs are typically manufacturer-specific EPS codes. The sensor is often integrated into the steering column and may require column disassembly or replacement as an assembly. After replacement or any steering column work, calibration through the YOUCANIC UCAN-II is typically required to establish the sensor’s zero-torque baseline (the reading when the driver is not applying any steering input).